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Eight months of observation with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and a year of data crunching revealed the filaments as they existed only one to two billion years after the Big Bang.","articleBody":"Peering into the early Universe some 12 billion years ago, scientists in have for the first time seen the incandescent filaments of hydrogen gas known as the "cosmic web," they said Thursday.\r\nCosmological models have long predicted its existence, but until now the cosmic web had never been directly observed and captured in images.\r\n\r\nEight months of observation with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and a year of data crunching revealed the filaments as they existed only one to two billion years after the Big Bang.\r\n\r\nBut the biggest surprise, scientists said, was simulations showing that the light came from billions of previously invisible — and unsuspected — dwarf galaxies spawning trillions of stars.Mars on Earth: Turkish Lake May Hold Clues to Ancient Life on the Red Planet\r\n\r\nThe findings were reported in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.\r\n\r\n"After an initial period of darkness, the Universe erupted with light and produced a huge number of stars," senior author Roland Bacon, a scientist at the Centre for Astrophysics Research in Lyon, told AFP.\r\n\r\n"One of the big questions is what ended that period of darkness," leading to a phase in the early Universe known as re-ionisation, he said. \r\n\r\nUntil now, astronomers had only caught partial and indirect glimpses of the cosmic web via quasars, whose powerful radiation, like car headlights, reveals gas clouds along the line of sight.\r\nBut these regions do not represent the whole network of filaments where most galaxies — including our own — were born.\r\n\r\nPlumbing new depths\r\n\r\n"These findings are fundamental," commented Emanuele Daddi, a researcher at Atomic Energy Commission who did not take part in the study.\r\n\r\n"We have never seen a discharge of gases on this scale, which is essential for understanding how galaxies form."\r\n\r\nThe team trained the ESO's Very Large Telescope — equipped with a 3D spectrograph called MUSE — at a single region of the sky for over 140 hours.\r\n\r\nTogether, the two instruments form one of the most powerful observation systems in the world.\r\nThe region selected forms part of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field, which includes the deepest image of the cosmos ever obtained.\r\n\r\nBut the new images plumb new depths of the early Universe — 40 percent of the newly discovered galaxies were beyond Hubble's reach.\r\n\r\nAlthough these galaxies — 10 to 12 billion light years away — are too faint to be detected individually with current instruments, their existence will likely enhance and challenge existing models of galaxy formation.\r\n\r\nScientists are only now beginning to explore their implications, the researchers said.\r\nAstronomers at the Lagrange Laboratory for the University Cote d'Azur has contributed to the research.\r\n\r\n\r\nIs MacBook Air M1 the portable beast of a laptop that you always wanted? We discussed this on Orbital, our weekly technology podcast, which you can subscribe to via Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or RSS, the episode, or just hit the play button below.\r\n\r\n\r\n links may be automatically generated - see our ethics statement for details.","keywords":"Cosmic Web,cosmic web images,Astronomy & Astrophysics,Dwarf Galaxies,European Southern Observatory,ESO Very Large Telescope","url":"https:\/\/www.gadgets360.com\/science\/news\/cosmic-web-dwarf-galaxies-images--european-southern-observatory-very-large-telescope-astronomy-astrophysics-journal-2393923","inLanguage":"en","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.gadgets360.com\/science\/news\/cosmic-web-dwarf-galaxies-images--european-southern-observatory-very-large-telescope-astronomy-astrophysics-journal-2393923"},"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Agence -Presse"}],"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/i.gadgets360cdn.com\/large\/cosmic_web_cnrs_fr_hubble_website_1616083833213.jpg","width":"1200","height":"675","caption":"Astronomers until now had only caught partial and indirect glimpses of the cosmic web"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Gadgets 360","url":"https:\/\/www.gadgets360.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/cdn.gadgets360.com\/gadgets360_logo.png","width":160,"height":45}},"alternativeHeadline":"First Images of 'Cosmic Web' Reveal Maze of Dwarf Galaxies","articleSection":"Science","thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i.gadgets360cdn.com\/large\/cosmic_web_cnrs_fr_website_thumb_1616083952059.jpg"}
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First Images of 'Cosmic Web' Reveal Maze of Dwarf Galaxies
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First Images of 'Cosmic Web' Reveal Maze of Dwarf Galaxies
Cosmological models have long predicted its existence, but until now the cosmic web had never been directly observed and captured in images.
By Agence -Presse | Updated: 18 March 2021 21:43 IST
Photo Credit: Roland Bacon, David Mary, ESO, and NASA
Astronomers until now had only caught partial and indirect glimpses of the cosmic web
Highlights
Discovery took 8 months of observation with ESO's Very Large Telescope
The new images plumb new depths of the early universe
The findings were reported in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics
ment
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Peering into the early Universe some 12 billion years ago, scientists in have for the first time seen the incandescent filaments of hydrogen gas known as the "cosmic web," they said Thursday.
Cosmological models have long predicted its existence, but until now the cosmic web had never been directly observed and captured in images.
Eight months of observation with the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and a year of data crunching revealed the filaments as they existed only one to two billion years after the Big Bang.
But the biggest surprise, scientists said, was simulations showing that the light came from billions of previously invisible — and unsuspected — dwarf galaxies spawning trillions of stars.
Mars on Earth: Turkish Lake May Hold Clues to Ancient Life on the Red Planet
The findings were reported in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
"After an initial period of darkness, the Universe erupted with light and produced a huge number of stars," senior author Roland Bacon, a scientist at the Centre for Astrophysics Research in Lyon, told AFP.
"One of the big questions is what ended that period of darkness," leading to a phase in the early Universe known as re-ionisation, he said.
Until now, astronomers had only caught partial and indirect glimpses of the cosmic web via quasars, whose powerful radiation, like car headlights, reveals gas clouds along the line of sight.
But these regions do not represent the whole network of filaments where most galaxies — including our own — were born.
Plumbing new depths
"These findings are fundamental," commented Emanuele Daddi, a researcher at Atomic Energy Commission who did not take part in the study.
"We have never seen a discharge of gases on this scale, which is essential for understanding how galaxies form."
The team trained the ESO's Very Large Telescope — equipped with a 3D spectrograph called MUSE — at a single region of the sky for over 140 hours.
Together, the two instruments form one of the most powerful observation systems in the world.
The region selected forms part of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field, which includes the deepest image of the cosmos ever obtained.
But the new images plumb new depths of the early Universe — 40 percent of the newly discovered galaxies were beyond Hubble's reach.
Although these galaxies — 10 to 12 billion light years away — are too faint to be detected individually with current instruments, their existence will likely enhance and challenge existing models of galaxy formation.
Scientists are only now beginning to explore their implications, the researchers said.
Astronomers at the Lagrange Laboratory for the University Cote d'Azur has contributed to the research.
Is MacBook Air M1 the portable beast of a laptop that you always wanted? We discussed this on Orbital, our weekly technology podcast, which you can subscribe to via Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or RSS, the episode, or just hit the play button below.
links may be automatically generated - see our ethics statement for details.
Comments
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First Images of 'Cosmic Web' Reveal Maze of Dwarf Galaxies
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